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Eurocode 3 Verification
Verification of the EC3 (EN 1993-1-1) structural design engine against Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1 and SCI benchmarks.
Benchmark Cases
98
Textbook Verified
Avg. Difference
0.27%
vs. Ref Sources
Check Coverage
6
Resistance Modes
Sections Supported
5
Shape Families
Verification Methodology
The Eurocode 3 engine implements the requirements of EN 1993-1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. Verification is performed using high-quality benchmarks from Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1 Eurocode 3 (Gardner & Nethercot) and the Steel Construction Institute (SCI).
- Cross-section Resistance: Verified for axial, bending, and shear according to Section 6.2 for all section classes.
- Buckling Resistance: Flexural buckling (6.3.1) and Lateral-Torsional Buckling (6.3.2) verified against analytical solutions for all member types.
- Combined stability: Implements Annex B (Method 2) for interaction factors k_yy, k_yz, k_zy, k_zz across diverse loading scenarios.
Benchmark Results
| Description | Section | Expected | Result | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
406x178x54 UB flange class (pure bending)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 5.1 | 406x178x54 UB | Class 1 | Class 1 | 0.00% |
406x178x54 UB web class (pure bending)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 5.1 | 406x178x54 UB | Class 1 | Class 1 | 0.00% |
406x178x54 UB overall class (pure bending)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 5.1 | 406x178x54 UB | Class 1 | Class 1 | 0.00% |
406x178x54 UB flange class (N=300kN)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 5.1 | 406x178x54 UB | Class 1 | Class 1 | 0.00% |
406x178x54 UB web class (N=300kN)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 5.1 | 406x178x54 UB | Class 2 | Class 2 | 0.00% |
406x178x54 UB overall class (N=300kN)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 5.1 | 406x178x54 UB | Class 2 | Class 2 | 0.00% |
254x254x73 UC flange class (pure compression)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.2 | 254x254x73 UC | Class 2 | Class 2 | 0.00% |
254x254x73 UC overall classDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.2 | 254x254x73 UC | Class 2 | Class 2 | 0.00% |
229x89 Channel flange classDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.4 | 229x89 Channel | Class 1 | Class 1 | 0.00% |
229x89 Channel web classDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.4 | 229x89 Channel | Class 1 | Class 1 | 0.00% |
229x89 Channel overall classDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.4 | 229x89 Channel | Class 1 | Class 1 | 0.00% |
CHS 244.5x10 overall classDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.7 | CHS 244.5x10 | Class 1 | Class 1 | 0.00% |
RHS 200x100x16 flange classDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.9 | RHS 200x100x16 | Class 1 | Class 1 | 0.00% |
RHS 200x100x16 web classDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.9 | RHS 200x100x16 | Class 1 | Class 1 | 0.00% |
RHS 200x100x16 overall classDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.9 | RHS 200x100x16 | Class 1 | Class 1 | 0.00% |
229x89 Channel Vpl,RdDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.4 | 229x89 Channel | 332 kN | 332.1 kN | 0.05% |
UB 533x210x92 Mc,RdDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1 / SCI P364 | UB 533x210x92 | 649.0 kNm | 649.0 kNm | 0.00% |
UB 406x178x74 rho factor (shear-bending)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.5 | UB 406x178x74 | 0.27 | 0.274 | 1.50% |
ⓘ Rounding of the ρ factor intermediate value — textbook rounds to 2 significant figures mid-calculation, engine retains full precision. | ||||
UB 406x178x74 My,V,Rd (Aw per Eq 6.30)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.5 | UB 406x178x74 | 386.8 kNm | 386.8 kNm | 0.00% |
H 305x305x240 Cl.6.2.9 biaxial interaction ratioDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.10 | H 305x305x240 | 0.33 | 0.339 | 2.77% |
ⓘ Textbook rounds reduced plastic moment MN,Rd and interaction terms to 2 significant figures. The engine retains full intermediate precision, leading to a slightly higher biaxial ratio. | ||||
UB 457x191x98 n ratio (N/Npl)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.6 | UB 457x191x98 | 0.477 | 0.477 | 0.08% |
UB 457x191x98 a parameterDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.6 | UB 457x191x98 | 0.395 | 0.395 | 0.10% |
UB 457x191x98 MN,y,RdDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.6 | UB 457x191x98 | 342.2 kNm | 342.2 kNm | 0.01% |
CHS 244.5x10 radius of gyration iDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.7 | CHS 244.5x10 | 82.97 mm | 82.97 mm | 0.01% |
CHS 244.5x10 λ_barDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.7 | CHS 244.5x10 | 0.56 | 0.555 | 0.83% |
CHS 244.5x10 χ (curve a)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.7 | CHS 244.5x10 | 0.91 | 0.906 | 0.42% |
CHS 244.5x10 Nb,RdDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.7 | CHS 244.5x10 | 1836.5 kN | 1836.5 kN | 0.00% |
CHS 244.5x10 buckling ratio (NEd=1630 kN)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.7 | CHS 244.5x10 | 0.888 | 0.888 | 0.00% |
H 305x305x240 iyDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.10 | H 305x305x240 | 144.86 mm | 144.85 mm | 0.01% |
H 305x305x240 λ_bar_yDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.10 | H 305x305x240 | 0.23 | 0.234 | 1.65% |
ⓘ Textbook rounds λ̄ to 2 decimal places. Engine retains full precision from section property calculations. | ||||
H 305x305x240 χ_y (curve b)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.10 | H 305x305x240 | 0.99 | 0.988 | 0.20% |
H 305x305x240 izDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.10 | H 305x305x240 | 81.46 mm | 81.47 mm | 0.01% |
H 305x305x240 λ_bar_zDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.10 | H 305x305x240 | 0.59 | 0.594 | 0.65% |
H 305x305x240 χ_z (curve c)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.10 | H 305x305x240 | 0.79 | 0.789 | 0.12% |
RHS 200x100x16 iyDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.9 | RHS 200x100x16 | 66.56 mm | 66.57 mm | 0.01% |
RHS 200x100x16 λ_bar_yDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.9 | RHS 200x100x16 | 1.42 | 1.416 | 0.31% |
RHS 200x100x16 χ_y (curve a)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.9 | RHS 200x100x16 | 0.41 | 0.410 | 0.10% |
RHS 200x100x16 izDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.9 | RHS 200x100x16 | 37.17 mm | 37.17 mm | 0.01% |
RHS 200x100x16 λ_bar_zDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.9 | RHS 200x100x16 | 0.84 | 0.845 | 0.59% |
RHS 200x100x16 χ_z (curve a)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.9 | RHS 200x100x16 | 0.77 | 0.769 | 0.12% |
UC 203x203x46 λ_bar_yWorked Examples in EC3 & EC4 | UC 203x203x46 | 0.65 | 0.653 | 0.46% |
UC 203x203x46 χ_y (curve b)Worked Examples in EC3 & EC4 | UC 203x203x46 | 0.81 | 0.810 | 0.05% |
UC 203x203x46 λ_bar_zWorked Examples in EC3 & EC4 | UC 203x203x46 | 0.56 | 0.561 | 0.24% |
UC 203x203x46 χ_z (curve c)Worked Examples in EC3 & EC4 | UC 203x203x46 | 0.81 | 0.808 | 0.24% |
UB 762x267x173 Mcr Segment CDDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1 | UB 762x267x173 | 4311 kNm | 4305 kNm | 0.13% |
UB 762x267x173 λ_LT Segment CDDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1 | UB 762x267x173 | 0.63 | 0.629 | 0.13% |
UB 762x267x173 χ_LT Segment CD (general)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1 | UB 762x267x173 | 0.82 | 0.822 | 0.26% |
UB 762x267x173 λ_LT Segment BCDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1 | UB 762x267x173 | 0.55 | 0.547 | 0.54% |
UB 762x267x173 χ_LT Segment BC (general)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1 | UB 762x267x173 | 0.86 | 0.863 | 0.32% |
UB 762x267x173 Mb,Rd Segment BCDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1 | UB 762x267x173 | 1469 kNm | 1471 kNm | 0.10% |
UB 457x191x82 λ_LTDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1 | UB 457x191x82 | 0.64 | 0.641 | 0.20% |
UB 457x191x82 χ_LT (general)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1 | UB 457x191x82 | 0.82 | 0.816 | 0.51% |
UB 457x191x82 Mb,RdDesigners' Guide to EN 1993-1-1 | UB 457x191x82 | 411 kNm | 411 kNm | 0.06% |
UC 203x203x46 Cl.6.3.3 ratio (Annex B)Worked Examples in EC3 & EC4 | UC 203x203x46 | 0.51 | 0.503 | 1.37% |
ⓘ Interaction factors kyy, kzy computed with full precision vs textbook's 2 d.p. rounding of intermediate χ and λ̄ values. | ||||
H 305x305x240 Cl.6.3.3 ratio (Annex B)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.10 | H 305x305x240 | 0.97 | 0.967 | 0.34% |
RHS 200x100x16 Cl.6.3.3 ratio (Annex B)Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-1, Ex 6.9 | RHS 200x100x16 | 0.94 | 0.947 | 0.73% |
P364 Ex2: 533x210x92 AvSCI P364, Example 2 | 533x210x92 UKB | 5723.6 mm² | 5723.6 mm² | 0.00% |
P364 Ex2: 533x210x92 Vpl,RdSCI P364, Example 2 | 533x210x92 UKB | 909 kN | 909 kN | 0.03% |
P364 Ex2: 533x210x92 VEd/Vc,RdSCI P364, Example 2 | 533x210x92 UKB | 0.297 | 0.297 | 0.03% |
P364 Ex2: 533x210x92 MEd/Mc,RdSCI P364, Example 2 | 533x210x92 UKB | 0.831 | 0.831 | 0.00% |
P364 Ex3: 457x191x67 AvSCI P364, Example 3 | 457x191x67 UKB | 4093.57 mm² | 4093.57 mm² | 0.00% |
P364 Ex3: 457x191x67 Vpl,RdSCI P364, Example 3 | 457x191x67 UKB | 650 kN | 650 kN | 0.01% |
P364 Ex3: 457x191x67 Mc,RdSCI P364, Example 3 | 457x191x67 UKB | 404.25 kNm | 404.25 kNm | 0.00% |
P364 Ex3: 457x191x67 Mcr uniformSCI P364, Example 3 | 457x191x67 UKB | 134.2 kNm | 133.2 kNm | 0.78% |
P364 Ex3: 457x191x67 Mcr with C1=2.65SCI P364, Example 3 | 457x191x67 UKB | 355.7 kNm | 352.9 kNm | 0.80% |
P364 Ex3: 457x191x67 λ_LTSCI P364, Example 3 | 457x191x67 UKB | 1.07 | 1.070 | 0.03% |
P364 Ex3: 457x191x67 χ_LT baseSCI P364, Example 3 | 457x191x67 UKB | 0.60 | 0.597 | 0.48% |
P364 Ex3: 457x191x67 f factorSCI P364, Example 3 | 457x191x67 UKB | 0.83 | 0.834 | 0.42% |
P364 Ex3: 457x191x67 χ_LT,modSCI P364, Example 3 | 457x191x67 UKB | 0.72 | 0.716 | 0.50% |
P364 Ex3: 457x191x67 Mb,RdSCI P364, Example 3 | 457x191x67 UKB | 291 kNm | 290 kNm | 0.48% |
P364 Ex3: 457x191x67 MEd/Mb,RdSCI P364, Example 3 | 457x191x67 UKB | 0.89 | 0.898 | 0.87% |
P364 Ex5: 305x305x97 UKC flange classSCI P364, Example 5 | 305x305x97 UKC | Class 3 | Class 3 | 0.00% |
P364 Ex5: 305x305x97 UKC web classSCI P364, Example 5 | 305x305x97 UKC | Class 1 | Class 1 | 0.00% |
P364 Ex5: 305x305x97 UKC overall classSCI P364, Example 5 | 305x305x97 UKC | Class 3 | Class 3 | 0.00% |
P364 Ex5: 305x305x97 AvSCI P364, Example 5 | 305x305x97 UKC | 3517.38 mm² | 3517.38 mm² | 0.00% |
P364 Ex5: 305x305x97 Vpl,RdSCI P364, Example 5 | 305x305x97 UKC | 721 kN | 721 kN | 0.01% |
P364 Ex5: 305x305x97 Mc,Rd (elastic, Class 3)SCI P364, Example 5 | 305x305x97 UKC | 514.75 kNm | 514.75 kNm | 0.00% |
P364 Ex5: 305x305x97 MEd/Mc,RdSCI P364, Example 5 | 305x305x97 UKC | 0.641 | 0.641 | 0.00% |
P364 Ex5: 305x305x97 Mcr uniformSCI P364, Example 5 | 305x305x97 UKC | 460.5 kNm | 459.6 kNm | 0.20% |
P364 Ex5: 305x305x97 Mcr with C1=1.32SCI P364, Example 5 | 305x305x97 UKC | 607.7 kNm | 606.7 kNm | 0.17% |
P364 Ex5: 305x305x97 λ_LTSCI P364, Example 5 | 305x305x97 UKC | 0.92 | 0.921 | 0.12% |
P364 Ex5: 305x305x97 χ_LT baseSCI P364, Example 5 | 305x305x97 UKC | 0.74 | 0.747 | 1.00% |
ⓘ Engine uses continuous LTB curve formula; textbook rounds intermediate Φ_LT to 2 d.p. | ||||
P364 Ex5: 305x305x97 χ_LT,modSCI P364, Example 5 | 305x305x97 UKC | 0.79 | 0.798 | 0.98% |
P364 Ex5: 305x305x97 Mb,RdSCI P364, Example 5 | 305x305x97 UKC | 407 kNm | 411 kNm | 0.90% |
P364 Ex5: 305x305x97 MEd/Mb,RdSCI P364, Example 5 | 305x305x97 UKC | 0.81 | 0.804 | 0.79% |
P364 Ex9: 356x368x129 UKC flange classSCI P364, Example 9 | 356x368x129 UKC | Class 3 | Class 3 | 0.00% |
P364 Ex9: 356x368x129 UKC overall classSCI P364, Example 9 | 356x368x129 UKC | Class 3 | Class 3 | 0.00% |
P364 Ex9: 356x368x129 Nc,RdSCI P364, Example 9 | 356x368x129 UKC | 5658 kN | 5658 kN | 0.00% |
P364 Ex9: 356x368x129 NEd/Nc,RdSCI P364, Example 9 | 356x368x129 UKC | 0.619 | 0.619 | 0.00% |
P364 Ex9: 356x368x129 λ_bar_zSCI P364, Example 9 | 356x368x129 UKC | 0.82 | 0.821 | 0.11% |
P364 Ex9: 356x368x129 χ_zSCI P364, Example 9 | 356x368x129 UKC | 0.65 | 0.649 | 0.15% |
P364 Ex9: 356x368x129 Nb,RdSCI P364, Example 9 | 356x368x129 UKC | 3678 kN | 3672 kN | 0.16% |
P364 Ex9: 356x368x129 buckling ratioSCI P364, Example 9 | 356x368x129 UKC | 0.952 | 0.953 | 0.16% |
P364 Ex10: 305x305x97 λ_bar_ySCI P364, Example 10 | 305x305x97 UKC | 0.516 | 0.516 | 0.05% |
P364 Ex10: 305x305x97 χ_ySCI P364, Example 10 | 305x305x97 UKC | 0.87 | 0.877 | 0.82% |
P364 Ex10: 305x305x97 Nb,y,RdSCI P364, Example 10 | 305x305x97 UKC | 2943 kN | 2967 kN | 0.82% |
P364 Ex10: 305x305x97 λ_bar_zSCI P364, Example 10 | 305x305x97 UKC | 0.449 | 0.449 | 0.05% |
P364 Ex10: 305x305x97 χ_zSCI P364, Example 10 | 305x305x97 UKC | 0.88 | 0.871 | 1.00% |
ⓘ Engine uses continuous buckling curve c formula; textbook rounds intermediate Φ to 2 d.p. | ||||
This verification page is for informative purposes only. Benchmarks are periodically updated to align with the latest software patches.